Before you start Linux operating system you have to understand some basic terms which is frequently used by Linux community such as kernel, boot loader,distribution, service, filesystem,desktop environment, command line.
Kernel
It is the brain of the Linux operating system. kernel controls hardware and make the hardware interact with application. you can found all the previous as well as present kernel at kernel.org
Distribution
Collection of program/application is combined with linux to make a operating system some common example of distribution is Red Hat Enterprise , Ubuntu , Fedora.
Bootloader
Bootloader are those program which boot the operating system i.e firstly start th OS
example - GRUB and ISOLINUX
Service
Service are that program which runs as a background process.
example - httpd,ntpd,ftpd,nfsd and named
File System
Method for organizing and storing files in the OS
example - ext3 ,ext4,FAT,XFS,NTFS,Btrfs
Desktop Environment
It provide the Graphical user interface on the top of the OS
example - GNOME,KDE,Xfce and Fluxbox
Command line
Command line is a interface for typing command on the top of the operating system
Shell : Command line interpreter that interprets the command line input and instruction to perform any particular tasks.
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